Topographic surveying is a set of techniques used to measure and represent the characteristics of a terrain’s relief. It allows you to create maps and plans that show details such as altitude, slope, contour lines and boundaries of the studied area.

Objectives of Topographic Survey

Obtain accurate terrain information for planning works, agriculture, forestry and urbanization.
Identify variations in relief and other physical aspects of the area.
Provide data for engineering projects such as roads, dams and subdivisions.
Support soil conservation, erosion control and sustainable management.

Types of Topographic Survey

Planimetric Survey

Measures the horizontal position of points (latitude and longitude), without considering height.
Used for delimiting land and laying out roads and rivers.
Altimetric Survey Measures differences in altitude between points on the ground.
Represented by contour lines or topographic profiles.
Essential for erosion control and drainage projects.

Planialtimetric Survey

Combines planimetry and altimetry, providing a 3D model of the relief.
More complete and used in engineering, infrastructure and environmental projects.

Stages of Topographic Survey

Planning and recognition of the area The objective is defined and the appropriate equipment is chosen.
Field data collection GPS, total station, drones or theodolites are used to measure coordinates.

Data processing

Application of calculations to correct errors and generate digital maps.
Graphical representation Topographic plans or digital terrain models (DTM) are created.

Tools and Technologies Used

Total Station – Measures angles and distances with high precision.
Geodetic GPS – Provides exact coordinates of points.
Drones and Remote Sensing – Capture detailed aerial images.
Surveying Software (AutoCAD, QGIS, TopoEVN, Civil 3D) – Process and analyze data.

Applications of Topographic Survey

Civil engineering – Road, dam and subdivision projects.
Agriculture and Forestry – Cultivation and reforestation planning.
Environment – ​​Monitoring of risk areas and soil conservation.
Mining – Mapping of deposits and extraction control.

Topographic surveying is essential for any project involving land use!